OPHTHALMIC EDUCATION (9) Understanding DRY EYES [Archives:2000/34/Health]
Understanding DRY EYES
What is the tear layer?
Everyone knows that tears run when the eye is inflamed or when we cry; but tears is a daily thing far much important that what we think. The tear layer covers the front part of the eye and when we blink it makes the eye surface smoother and that helps us to see clearly. Without the tear layer it is impossible to see clearly.
The tear layer is formed from three parts: an oily layer, a watery layer and a mucous layer. Different glands form each part of the tear layer.
What are the types of tears?
There are two types: tears produced regularly to lubricate the eye and tears produced in response to inflammation, a foreign body or emotional changes.
What is a dry eye?
When the eye is not able to produce enough tears to lubricate the eye and make it moist we call that a dry eye. Some of the symptoms of dry eyes are: –
1.Foreign body sensation
2.Irritations
3.Itching
4.Mucous discharge
5.Feeling uncomfortable in smoking areas
6.Occasionally increased tearing can be the earliest symptom of dry eyes.
What are the causes of dry eyes?
Ageing it is normal for the tear production to decrease with ageing especially at menopause. Remember that it can happen at any age.
Certain types of joint problems (arthritis) can be associated with dry eyes and dry mouth.
Certain drugs can cause dry eyes by decreasing the tear production.
How can dry eyes be diagnosed?
The eye doctor can diagnose dry eyes very easily. Sometimes certain tests can be done to measure the amount of tear production such as using a strip of paper put in the lower lid.
What is the treatment of dry eyes?
The main treatment of dry eyes is using artificial tears. Artificial tears are sold in every pharmacy and it helps to lubricate the eye. There are different types of artificial tears and your eye doctor will choose the one suitable for you.
Rarely a small operation to block the tear ducts can be performed in those with advanced stages of dry eyes.
Avoiding dry atmospheres such us smoking areas, kitchens or near a heater can help in reducing the symptoms of dry eyes.
Who can treat dry eyes?
Patients with mild dry eyes need only to use artificial tears but those with moderate to severe dry eyes need to be treated by an eye doctor.
REMEMBER:
The tear layer is very important for clear vision
Patients with mild to moderate dry eyes can be easily treated by artificial tears
Avoid dry atmospheres to decrease the symptoms of dry eyes
Routine eye exam by an eye specialist is very important. It is your sight and your eyes need every care they deserve.
Reference: PAACO educational leaflets, Cairo
Mahfouth A Bamashmus FRCSEd, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
Ibn-Al-Haitham Clinic
University of Science & Technology, Sanaa
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